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Cyberstalking-Cyberharrasment-Cyberbullying

CF360 has been conducting cyberstalking investigations for celebrities and private citizens since 1996. Whether a cyber stalker or a cellular stalker, CF360 specialists will help identify person(s) who use the power of the internet and technology to attack their victims electronically. One such case involved the professional female wrestler Kia Michelle Stevens known as Amazing Kong. The unknown harasser used a cellular telephone and a blocked number to verbally attack Kia Stevens repeatedly. Read more...

Cyberstalking.  Cyberstalking is the use of the Internet, email or other electronic communications to stalk, and generally refers to a pattern of threatening or malicious behaviors. Cyberstalking may be considered the most dangerous of the three types of Internet harassment, based on a posing credible threat of harm. Sanctions range from misdemeanors to felonies.

Cyberharassment. Cyberharassment differs from cyberstalking in that it is generally defined as not involving a credible threat. Cyberharassment usually pertains to threatening or harassing email messages, instant messages, or to blog entries or websites dedicated solely to tormenting an individual. Some states approach cyberharrassment by including language addressing electronic communications in general harassment statutes, while others have created stand-alone cyberharassment statutes. 

Cyberbullying. Cyberbullying and cyberharassment are sometimes used interchangeably, but for the purposes of this chart, cyberbullying is used for electronic harassment or bullying among minors within a school context. Recent cyberbullying legislation reflects a trend of makaing school districts the policy enforcers of such misconduct. As a result, statutes establish the infrastructure for schools to handle this issue by amending existing school anti-bullying policies to include cyberbullying or electronic harassment among school age children. The majority of these state laws establish sanctions for all forms of cyberbullying on school property, school busses and official school functions. However, some have also extended sanctions to include cyberbullying activities that originate off-campus, believing that activities off-campus can have a chilling and disruptive effect on children's learning environment. The sanctions for cyberbullying range from school/parent interventions to misdemeanors and felonies with detention, suspension, and expulsion in between. Some of these laws promote Internet safety education or curricula that covers cyberbullying.

State/Territory

Cyberstalking

Cyberharassment

Cyberbullying

Alabama

 

Ala. Code § 13A-11-8

Ala. Code § 16-28B-3(2)

Alaska 

Alaska Stat. §§ 11.41.260, 11.41.270

   

Arizona 

 

Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-2921                                              

Ariz. Rev. Stat. §

8-309        

Arkansas 

Ark. Code § 5-41-108

 Ark. Code § 5-41-108

Ark. Code §§ 5-71-217, 6-18-514

California 

Cal. Civil Code § 1708.7, Cal Penal Code § 646.9 

Cal. Penal Code §§ 422,  653.2653m  Cal. Ed. Code §§ 32261322653227048900

Colorado 

Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 18-60218-9-111

 Colo. Rev. Stat. § 18-9-111  Colo. Rev. Stat. § 22-32-109.1 (2)(a)(X)

Connecticut 

   Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-182b53a-183  

Delaware 

   Del. Code tit. 11 § 1311  Del. Code tit. 14 § 4112D

Florida 

Fla. Stat. § 784.048

 Fla. Stat. § 784.048  Fla. Stat. § 1006.147 

Georgia 

Georgia Code § 16-5-90

   Georgia Code § 20-2-751.4

Hawaii

   Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 711-1106  
 Idaho  Idaho Stat. §§ 18-790518-7906    Idaho Stat. § 18-917A

Illinois 

720 ILCS §§ 5/12-7.5, 740 ILCS 21/10

720 ILCS §§ 135/1-2135/1-3135/2  105 ILCS §§ 5/27-13.3

Indiana

   Ind. Code § 35-45-2-2   

Iowa 

   Iowa Code § 708.7  Iowa Code § 208.28

Kansas

Kan. Stat. § 21-3438

   Kan. Stat. § 72-8256
 Kentucky      Ky. Rev. Stat. § 525.080(1)(c)

Louisiana

La. Rev. Stat. §§ 14:40.214:40.3

   La. Rev. Stat. §§ 14:40.214:40.717:416.13, Children's Code Art. 730(11)

Maine

 Me. Rev. Stat. tit 17A § 210A (see 2007 Me. Laws, Ch. 685, sec. 3)    

Maryland 

 

 Md. Code tit. 3 § 3-805  Md. Code, Ed. Law § 7-4247-424.1 

Massachusetts

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 265 § 43 

 Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 265 § 43A  Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 71 § 370

Michigan 

Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 750.411h750.411i

 Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.411s  

Minnesota 

Minn. Stat. § 609.749

 Minn. Stat. § 609.795  Minn. Stat. § 121A.0695

Mississippi 

Miss. Code §§ 97-45-1597-45-1797-3-107

 Miss. Code § 97-29-45  Miss. Code §§ 37-11-6737-11-69

Missouri 

Mo. Rev. Stat. § 565.225

 Mo. Rev. Stat. § 565.090  Mo. Rev. Stat. § 160.775

Montana

Mont. Code Ann. § 45-5-220

 Mont. Code Ann. § 45-8-213  
 Nebraska      Neb. Rev. Stat. § 79-2,137

Nevada

Nev. Rev. Stat. § 200.575

   Nev. Rev. Stat. § 392.915

New Hampshire 

   N.H. Rev. Stat. § 644:4  N.H. Rev. Stat. §§ 193-F:2 et seq.
 New Jersey  N.J. Stat. § 2C:12-10, 2C:12-10.1 *    2010 A.B. 3466, P.L. 2010, Ch. 122
N.J. Stat. §§ 18A:37-1418A:37-15.1
 New Mexico
 N.M. Stat. § 30-3A-3 *    

New York 

   New York Penal Law § 240.30  New York Education Law § 814

North Carolina 

N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 14-196.3

 N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-196(b)  N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 14-458.1115C-407.15-17

North Dakota 

 

 N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-17-07  

Ohio 

Ohio Rev. Code § 2903.211 

 Ohio Rev. Code §§ 2917.21(A),2913.01(Y)  

Oklahoma 

Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 1173

 Okla. Stat. tit. 21 § 1172  Okla. Stat. tit. 70 § 24-100.4

Oregon 

Or. Rev. Stat. §§ 163.730 to 163.732

 Or. Rev. Stat. § 166.065  Or. Rev. Stat. § 339.351 et seq.

Pennsylvania 

Pa. Cons. Stat. tit. § 18 2709.1

 Pa. Cons. Stat. tit. 18 § 2709(a), 2709(f)  24 P.S. § 13-1303.1-A

Rhode Island 

R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-52-4.2 

 R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-52-4.2   R.I. Gen. Laws § 16-21-26 

South Carolina

S.C. Code §§ 16-3-1700(C), 16-3-1700(F)

 S.C. Code §§ 16-3-1700(B), 16-3-1700(C)16-17-430  S.C. Code §§ 59-63-110 to 59-63-150

South Dakota

S.D. Cod. Laws § 22-19A-1

 S.D. Cod. Laws § 49-31-31  

Tennessee

Tenn. Code § 39-17-315

 Tenn. Code § 39-17-308  

Texas

   Tx. Penal Code § 33.07  

Utah

Utah Code § 76-5-106.5
 Utah Code § 76-9-201
 Utah Code § 76-9-201

Vermont 

Vt. Stat. tit. 13 §§ 106110621063

Vt. Stat. tit. 13 § 1027  

Virginia 

Va. Code § 18.2-60 

 Va. Code § 18.2-152.7:1   Va. Code § 22.1-279.6 

Washington

Wash. Rev. Code §§ 9A.46.1109.61.260

 Wash. Rev. Code §§ 9A.46.020,10.14.020  Wash. Rev. Code § 28A.300.285

West Virginia

 

 W. Va. Code § 61-3C-14a    

Wisconsin 

 

Wis. Stat. § 947.0125 

 

Wyoming 

Wyo. Stat. § 6-2-506 

   Wyo. Stat. §§ 21-4-311 to 21-4-315

Territories:

 

 

 

  Guam   X.G.C.A. tit. 9 §§ 19.69, 19.70   X.G.C.A. tit. 9 §§ 19.69, 19.70